Idilio quive, nesta Brochura de inglês vai nos ajudar a fazer e fazer questões em inglês
1st Lesson
The Alphabet
AEI BBI CCI DDI EI FEF GDJI HEICH IAI JDJEI KKHEi LEL MM NN OOU PPI QQIU RAr SS TTI UYOU VVI WDABLIU xEKS YWAI Z ZED
2nd Lesson
Greetings
1. Good morning-bom dia
2. Good afternoon-boa tarde
3. Good evening-boa noite
4. Good night - used to for saying goodbye to someone in the evening or at night before they go to bed at night.-Usa-se good night antes de ir dormir como forma de despidir.
3rd Lesson
Useful phrases
1. What is your name?-qual é o teu nome?
2. My name is...- meu nome é....
3. How old are you?- quantos anos tens?
4. I am…years old.- tenho… anos de idade.
5. Where do you live?- onde vives?
6. I live in…-vivo em…
7. Do you have brothers and sisters? Tens irmãos e irmãs?
8. Yes, I do, I have two brothers and three sisters – sim tenho dois irmãos e três irmãs?
9. what do you do for a living?- o que fazes da vida?
10. I am a student and you? Sou estudante e tu?
11. Me too,The weather is great today, d\on’t you think so?-Eu tambem, o tempo esta bom hoje não acha?
12. Oh! yes, I have to agree with you..Do you have children?-Oh! Sim, devo concordar contigo tens filhos?
13. No, I still do not have any -não ainda não tenho nenhum.
14. When did you arrive here?- quando é que chegaste aqui?
15. Well! I think I arrived here about an hour ago- bom! Acho que cheguei aqui a cerca de uma hora atrás.
16. Are there any restaurants near here?-há restaurantes por aqui?
17. No, there are no restaurants around here the nearest is in town.- não, não há restaurantes por aqui o mais proximo está na cidade.
18. what is your neighbour’s name?-qual e o nome do(a) teu (tua) vizinho (a)?
19. Oh! We have not spoken yet, they just moved in last week-oh! ainda não falamo-nos, eles vieram para cá na semana passada.
20. His name is Augusto Dos Santos why are you asking me?- Nome dele e Augusto dos Santos, porquê estas a perguntar-me?
21. nothing special, I just wanted to know.-nada de especial, só queria saber
22. All right thanks a lot my friend-tudo bem muito obrigado meu amigo (a).
4th lesson
Days of the week
There are seven days in a week, which are:
1. Sunday 2. Monday
3. Tuesday 4. Wednesday
5. Thursday 6. Friday
7. Saturday
1. We had a great time at my aunt’s house on Sunday – tivemos bons momentos em casa da minha tia no Domingo.
2. Monday was the day we had decided to begin the project. – segunda-feira foi o dia em que decidimos arrancar com o projeto.
3. Every Tuesday the train leaves earlier than any other day of the week. – todas as Terças feiras o comboio parte mais cedo que qualquer outro dia da semana.
4. On the first Wednesday of next month we will be writing exams. – na primeira Quarta-feira do proximo mês faremos exames.
5. She said that Thursday was too late to submit those assignments. – ela disse que Quinta-feira era tarde de mais para entregar as tarefas.
6. Before Friday we must be ready to travel. – antes da Sexta-feira devemos estar prontos para viajar.
7. He postponed the picnic until the last Saturday of the month of July. – ele adiou o picnic até o ultimo Sábado do mês de julho.
5th Lesson
Months of the year
There are twelve months in a year, which are:
1. January 2. February
3. March 4. April
5. May 6. June
7. July 8. August
9. September 10. October
11. November 12. December
1. January is the first month of the year – janeiro e o primeiro mês do ano.
2. In February we are going to the beach to play a volleyball match against the South African national team.-Em Fevereiro vamos a praia jogar volleyball contra a seleção nacional Sul Africana.
3. The rain might stop after the month of March – a chuva pode vir a parar depois do mês de Março.
4. Everyone was excited to go home for Easter holydays during the month of April – toda gente estava feliz por causa das ferias de pascoa durante o mês de Abril.
5. The month of May is the worker’s month – o mês de Maio é o mês dos trabalhadores.
6. Mozambican independence was declared on the 25 th of June – a independencia de Moçambique foi proclamada a 25 de Junho.
7. My best friend’s birthday is on the 27th of July –o aniversário do meu melhor amigo é no dia 27 de Julho.
8. My English teacher was also born on the 8th of August of 1988 – o meu professor de Inglês tambem nasceu aos 8 de Agosto de 1988.
9. In September we are planning to go to Zimbabwe – em Setembro pretendemos visitar Zimbabwe.
10. Before October I will be speaking English fluently – antes de Outubro estarei a falar Inglês fluentemente.
11. In November it does not get as full as it does in December – em Novembro não fica tão cheio quanto em Dezembro.
12. In December, it is more expensive because it is the last month of the year – em Dezembro custa mais caro porque é o ultimo mês do ano.
6th lesson
Defining vocabulary.
1. Abbreviation-abreviação
2. Ability-habilidade
3. Able-capaz
4. About-acerca de
5. Above-acima de
6. Academic-academico
7. Accept-aceitar
8. Acceptable-aceitavel
9. Accident-acidente
10. Accidental-acidental,
11. Accidentally-acidentalmente, por engano
12. According to-de acordo com
13. Account-conta. (banco), (e-mail) Accounting-contabilidade (curso)
14. Accurate-adequado, apropriado
15. Acurately-adequadamente
16. Accuse-acusar
17. Achieve-alcansar
18. Achievement-sucessos, conquistas
19. Acid-ácido
20. Across.to go across from one side to the other- atravessar de um lado para o outro. we came across a tough situation-enfrentamos (ou deparamos) uma situação difícil.
21. Act-agir
22. Action-ação
23. Active-ativo
24. Activity-atividade
25. Actor-ator
26. Actress-atriz
27. Actual -verdadeiro,exato. We do not know her actual birthday-não sabemos a verdadeira data de aniversário dela.
28. Actually-na verdade
29. to add- acrescentar.
30. Addition-acréscimo
31. Address-endereço
32. Adjective-adjetivo
33. Admiration-admiração
34. Admire-admirar
35. Admit-admitir
36. Adult-adulto
37. Advanced-avançado
38. Advantage-vantagem
39. Adverb-adverbio
40. Advertise-publicitar
41. Advertisement-publicidade
42. Advertising-publicitando, a publicar
43. Advice-conselho
44. Advise-aconselhar
45. Adviser-conselheiro
46. Affect-afetar
47. Afraid-com medo
48. After-depois de
49. Afternoon-de tarde
50. Again-de novo
51. Against-contra
52. Age-idade
53. Ago-atrás. Two years ago –dois anos atrás
54. Agree-concordar
55. Agreement-acordo
56. Ahead-a frente
57. Aim-objectivo
58. Air-ar
59. Aircraft-avião
60. Air force-forças aéreas
61. Airport-aeroporto
62. Alcohol-alcool
63. Alcoholic-alcoolico
64. Alive-vivo
65. All-tudo
66. Allow-permitir
67. Almost-quase
68. Alone-so, sozinho
69. Alphabet-alfabeto, abecedário
70. Along-ao longo. He was driving along 25 th of September avenue- ele conduzia ao longo da avenida 25 de Setembro. Along the week-ao longo da semana.
71. Already-já
72. Also-também
73. Although-apesar de
74. Always-sempre
75. American-americano
76. American football-futebol americano
77. Among-entre
78. Ancient-ancião
79. And-e
80. Anger-zanga, fúria
81. Angle-ângulo
82. Anglican-anglecano
83. Angrily-furiosamente. Stop it, she said angrily - deixa-te disso, ela disse furiosamente
84. Angry-zangado
85. Animal-animal
86. Announce-anunciar
87. Anouncement-anuncio
88. Annoy-irritar
89. Irritate-iritar
90. Annoying-iritante
91. Another-outro
92. Answer-resposta
93. Any-qualquer.
94. Anyone-qualquer um. Any day-qualquer dia
95. Anything-qualquer coisa
96. Anywhere-qualquer parte/sitio
97. Apart-separado (with many different definitions)
98. Appear-aparecer
99. Apple-mançã
100. Apply-aplicar. ~for a job-meter documentos a procura de emprego
101. Approval- permição. I did not want to leave without my grandmother’s approval-Eu nâo queria sair sem a permição da minha avó.
102. Approve of-concordar com
103. April-abril
104. Are-são ou estão, somos ou estamos –(depende do pronome pessoal que antecede este verbo)
105. Argue-discutir
106. Argument-discução
107. Arm-braço
108. Armed forces-forças armadas
109. Army-exercito, tropas
110. Arrest-prender
111. Arrive-chegar
112. Art-arte
113. Article-artigo
114. Artificial-artificial
115. Artficially-artificialmente
116. Artist-artista
117. As-como
118. Ashamed-envergonhado
119. Ask-pedir
120. Aspect-especto
121. At-na, no,as. He is still at school-ele ainda está na escola. She was at the Bank-ela estava no Banco. They arrived at 10 o’clock-eles chegaram as 10 horas
122. Atmosphere-atmosfera
123. Attach-anexar
124. Attack-atacar
125. Attempt-tentar
126. Attitude-atitude, comportamento. She has a very negative attitude-ela tem um comportamento negativo.
127. Attract-atrair
128. Attractive-atrativo
129. Audience-audiencia
130. Authority-autoridade
131. Automatic-automatico
132. Automatically-automaticamente
133. Autumn-otono
134. Available-disponivel
135. Avoid-evitar
136. Awake- acordado
137. To wake up - acordar
7th Lesson
Cardinal numbers
1. One 2. Two 3. Three
4. Four 5. Five 6. Six
7. Seven 8. Eight 9. Nine
10. Ten 11. Eleven 12. Twelve
13. Thirteen 14. Fourteen 15. Fifteen
16. Sixteen 17. Seventeen 18. Eighteen
19. Nineteen 20. Twenty 21. Twenty-one
22. Twenty-two 23. Twenty-three 24. Twenty-four
25. Twenty-five 26. Twenty-six 27. Twenty-seven
28. Twenty-eight 29. Twenty-nine 30. Thirty
40. Forty 50. Fifty 60. Sixty
70. Seventy 80. Eighty 90. Ninety
100. a/one hundred 200. two hundred 900. nine hundred
1000. a/one thousand 20 000. twenty thousand 1 000 000. a/one million
8th Lesson
Ordinal numbers
1. First 2. Second 3. Third
4. Fourth 5. Fifth 6. Sixth
7. Seventh 8. Eighth 9. Ninth
10. Tenth 11. Eleventh 12. Twelfth
13. Thirteenth 14. Fourteenth 15. Fifteenth
16. Sixteenth 17. Seventeenth 18. Eighteenth
19. Nineteenth 20. Twentieth 21. Twenty-first
22. Twenty-second 23. Twenty-third 24. Twenty-fourth
25. Twenty-fifth 26. Twenty-sixth 27. Twenty-seventh
28. Twenty-eighth 29. Twenty-ninth 30. Thirtieth
40. Fortieth 50. Fiftieth 60 Sixtieth
70. Seventieth 80 Eightieth 90. Ninetieth
100. a/one hundredth 200. two hundredth 201. Two hundred and first
9th Lesson
Wash and watch
To wash-lavar
1. I want to wash my clothes today - quero lavar a minha roupa hoje
2. Washed away-levado pela força das águas. Heavy rain washed away the bridge - as águas das chuvas arrastaram a ponte
3. Wash off-lavar algo, limpar. Wash the soil off potatoes before you cook them - lave as batatas até sair a areia antes de cozê-las.
4. Wash up-lavar a loiça,. Washing up liquid- detergente liquido para lavar a loiça.
Washable - que da para ser lavado sem ser danificado
Washable seat covers - capas para acentos laváveis
Machine washable-lavável à máquina
To watch-assistir
1. She spent 5 hours watching tv. – ela gastou 5 horas a assistir a televisão.
2. Please watch over my bag – por favor controle a minha pasta.
3. The Bible teaches us to watch and pray – a Bíblia ensina-nos a vigiar e orar.
4. Children are not allowed to watch late night movies –as crianças não são permitidas assistir filmes à altas horas.
10th lesson
Comparison
Comparison is the process of considering how things and people are diferent and how they are similar – comparação é o processo de avaliar a diferença entre as coisas e pessoas e a sua similaridade.
Direct comparison between two languages is not possible – não é possível fazer comparação direta entre duas linguas.
The comparison will show how far politicians views reflect those of the citizens-a comparação vai revelar ate aonde o parecer dos políticos reflete o dos cidadãos.
Table two provides a comparison with last years’s result – a tabela dois mostra uma comparação com os resultados do ano passado.
Academic writing
You often need to link two points, ideas, or situations by comparing them, and indicating that the second is similar to or different from the first, for example in order to support, develop, or contradict what you have just said. Here are some common ways of linking them.
Várias vezes precisas fazer um êlo de ligação entre dois pontos de vista, ideias, ou situações através da comparação, e indicando que o segundo e diferente do primeiro, por exemplo para poder apoiar , desenvolver ou contra dizer o que acaba de citar. Abaixo estão as várias formas de estabelecer esse êlo.
The United States operates rigorous controls on mergers that promote new monopolies. In contrast, the UK takes a more neutral view of monopoly – os Estados Unidos controlam rigorosamente as empresas que promovem novos monopólios. Em contraste, o Reino Unido tem uma opinião neutra sobre monopólios.
Alternatively – alternativamente. As opposed to – ao contrário de. However – contudo. On the other hand – do outro lado. Whereas,Whilst, while – enquanto.
11th lesson
Weather and whether
Weather
The conditions that exist in the atmosphere relating to temperature, PRECIPITATION (=rain, snow, hail), and other features.
As condições existentes na atmosfera relacionadas com a temperatura, PRECIPITAÇÃO (= chuva, neve, granizo), e outras.
We could’t paint the outside because of the weather – não podemos pintar o lado de fora por conta da temperatura.
Weather forecast – a report on likely weather conditions for a particular period of time in the future –um relatório sobre possíveis temperaturas por um determinado períódo de tempo no futuro.
Whether (conjuction) – used when someone does not know which of the two possibilities is true- Se (conjunção) - usa-se quando não se sabe qual das duas possibilidades é a verdadeira.
They asked whether we were married – perguntaram-nos se eramos casados.
There is some doubts as to whether the illness is infectious or not – há dúvidas se a doença é contagiante ou não.
She doesn’t even know whether her grandmother is dead or alive – ela nem sequer sabe se a avó está viva ou morta.
Defining vocabulary
1. Baby-bebé
2. Back- costas, atrás
3. Background-fundos
4. Backward-marcha-atrás
5. Backwards-movendo-se para trás. The train seemed to be moving backwards-o comboio parecia estar a movimentar-se para atrás.
6. Bacteria-bactéria
7. Bad -mau
8. Badly-terrivelmente
9. Bag-pasta
10. Bake-assar (pão, bolo) (carne-braai,roast) we wanted to bake two cakes-queriamos fazer dois bolos. They like to braai/roast meet-eles gostam de assar carne. To fry-fritar
11. To Ballance–balançar. Scale-balança
12. Ball–bola. It is a new ball – é uma bola nova
13. Band-banda
14. Bank-banco
15. Bar-barra, bar
16. Base-base
17. Based on- baseado em
18. Basic-básico
19. Basket-cesto
20. Basketball-basquetebol
21. Bath-tomar banho de banheira -to take a bath. To take a shower-tomar banho de chuveiro.
22. Bathroom-casa de banho
23. Battle-batalha. The battle was over – a batalha tinha acabado
24. Be. Verbo to be-ser ou estar
25. Beach-praia. The beach is always full on Saturdays – a praia está sempre cheia aos Sábados.
26. Beautiful-linda, bonita. She has a very beautiful daughter – ela tem uma filha muito bonita.
27. Beauty-beleza.beauty is not the most important thing – beleza e nao e a coisa mais importante.
28. Because– porque. They came back because they missed their mother – eles voltaram porque sentiram saudades da mãe deles.
29. Become-tornar-se. He wants to become an actor – ele quer tornar-se um autor.
30. Bed-cama. He left his shoes under his bed – ele deixou os seus sapatos em baixo da sua cama.
31. Bedroom-quarto
32. Before-antes de
33. Begin-começar
34. Beginning-começo
35. Behave-comportar-se
36. Behaviour-comportamento
37. Behind-atrás de
38. Belief-crença
39. Bell-campainha
40. Belong to-pertencer a
41. Below-abaixo de
42. Belt-cinto
43. Bend-inclinar
44. Benefit-beneficio
45. Beside-ao lado de
46. Best-melhor. Best student –melhor aluno
47. Better-melhor. Two are better than one-dois é melhor que um.
48. Between-entre
49. Beyond-além de
50. Bicycle-bicicleta
51. Big-grande
52. Bill-conta. For example at the restaurant-por exemplo no restaurante. What is my bill?-qual é a minha conta?
53. Biology-biologia
54. Bird–pássaro. What a beautiful blue bird-que pássaro azul bonito.
55. Birthday-data de aniversário- When is your birthday?- qual é a data do seu aniversário?
56. Bit-pouco. A little bit-um bocadinho Bite-morder, mordida
57. Bitter-amargo
58. Black-preto. Black person-pessoa da raça negra
59. Blade-lamina
60. Blind-cego
61. Blindness-cegueira
62. Blood-sangue. The hospital encouraged people between the ages of 16 and 55 to go and donate blood-o hospital incentivou pessoas com idades entre os 16 e 55 anos para irem doar sangue.
63. Blow-soprar
64. Blue-azul. Her husband drives a blue car-o marido dela conduz um carro azul.
65. Board-tábua. Blackboard-quadro
66. Boat-barco
67. Body-corpo
68. Boil-ferver. The water will start boiling just now- a água vai começar a ferver daqui a pouco.
69. Bomb-bomba
70. Bone-osso
71. Book-livro. I was reading a very interesting book indeed-eu estava lendo um livro muito interessante.
72. Boot-bota
73. Border-fronteira. We should stop at the border for a while - deviamos parar na fronteira durante um tempinho
74. Born-nascido. Both his children were born in Mozambique – os dois filhos dele nasceram em Mocambique.
75. Borrow-pedir emprestado. Can I borrow your calculater?-podes emprestar-me a tua calculadora? I borrowed a camera from Alex-pedi emprestado uma camara do Alex. We borrowed 20 000Mt to start up a business-pedimos emprestado 20 000Mt para começarmos um negocio.
76. Both-ambos
77. Bottle-garrafa
78. Bottom-em baixo, a parte mais baixa de alguma coisa
79. Bowl-tigela, tirina. Washing up bowl-bacia para lavar a loiça. Marmita-lunchbox
80. Box-caixa
81. Boy-rapaz
82. Boyfriend-namorado
83. Brain-cérebro
84. Branch-ramo
85. Brave-corajoso. Courageous-corajoso
86. Bread-pão
87. Break-partir, travar, intervalo. Just break it in half please – quebre pela metade por favor. I had to break before an accident happened –tive que travar antes que um acidente acontecesse.
88. Breakfast-pequeno almoço, matabicho. After breakfast we should leave the hotel – depois do matabicho devíamos sair do hotel.
89. Breast-seios, mama. Breastfeed-amamentar
90. Breath -respiração
91. Breathe-respirar
92. Brick-tijolo
93. Bridge-ponte. This is the most beautiful bridge I have ever seen in my entire life – esta é a ponte mais bonita que eu já vi em toda minha vida.
94. Bring-trazer. She told me to bring it today, but unfortunately i forgot to do it – ela disse-me para trazer hoje, mas infelizmente esqueci-me.
95. British-Britanico. British culture – cultura Britânica.
96. Broadcast -publicar para varias pessoas atraveis da Radio e televisão
97. Broken-avariado, estragado
98. Brother-irmão
99. Brown-castanho
100. Brownish- acastanhado
101. Brush- escovar, escova
102. Build-construir
103. Building-edifício
104. Bullet-bala
105. Burn-queimar
106. Burnt-queimado
107. Bury-enterrar
108. Bus-autocarro, machibombo
109. Bush-mata
110. Business-negocio
111. Businessman-homem de negócio
112. Businesswoman-mulher de negócio
113. Busy-ocupado
114. But-mas
115. Butter-manteiga
116. Button-Butão
117. By-por, de. By law-por lei. By bus-de autocarro
12th lesson
Regular and irregular verbs
Infinitive Past tense Past participle Present participle Meaning
To agree Agreed Agreed Agreeing Concordar
To answer Answered Answered Answering Responder
To ask Asked Asked Asking Perguntar
To ask for Asked for Asked for Asking for Pedir
To bake Baked Baked Baking Assar
To believe Believed Belived Believing Acreditar
To boil Boiled Boiled Boiling Ferver
To borrow Borrowed Borrowed Borrowing Pedir emprestado
To brush Brushed Brushed Brushing Escovar
To change Changed Changed Changing Mudar/alterar
To close Closed Closed Closing Fechar
To Cook Cooked Cooked Cooking Cozinhar
To cry Cried Cried Crying Chorar
To enjoy Enjoyed Enjoyed Enjoying Divertir-se
To explain Explained Explained Explaining Explicar
To fry Fried Fried Frying Fritar
To free Freed Freed Freeing Libertar
To frighten Frightened Frightened Frightened Assustar
To greet Greeted Greeted Greeting Cumprimentar
To hate Hated Hated Hating Detestar
To join Joined Joined Joining Juntar se
To jump Jumped Jumped Jumping Saltar
Irregular verbs
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Present participle Meaning
To sing Sang Sung Singing Cantar
To sleep Slept Slept Sleeping Dormir
To smell Smelt Smelt Smelling Cheirar
To speak Spoke Spoken Speaking Falar
To speed Sped Sped Speeding Apressar-se
To spell Spelt Spelt Spelling Soletrar
To spend Spent Spent Spending Gastar
To stand Stood Stood Standing Levantar-se
To steal Stole Stolen Stealing Roubar
To Strive Strove Striven Striving Lutar/esforçar-se
To swear Swore Sworn Swearing Jurar
To sweep Swept Swept Sweeping Varrer
To swell Swelled Swelled/swollen Swelling Inchar
To swim Swam Smum Swimming Nadar
To swing Swang Swung Swinging Baloiçar
To take Took Taken Taking Tomar/levar
To teach Taught Taught Teaching Ensinar
To tear Tore Torn Tearing Rasgar
To tell Told Told Telling Dizer
To think Thought Thoughht Thinking Pensar
To throw Threw Thrown Throwing Atirar
To understand Understood Understood undersanding Compreender
To wake up Woke Woken Waking Acordar
To wear Wore Worn Wearing Usar/vestir
To win Won Won Winning Ganhar/vencer
13th lesson
Pronouns
Subjective form Possessive adjective Possessive pronoun Reflexive pronouns Objective form
I My Mine Myself Me
You Your Yours Yourself You
He His His Himself Him
She Her Hers Herself Her
We Our Ours Ourselves Us
You Your Yours Yourselves You
They Their Theirs Themselves Them
It Its Its Itself It
14th lesson
Auxiliary Verbs
Can -could may – might
Will -would must
Shall -should need
Have/has -had dare
Do/does -did be
Use to - used to ought to
15th lesson
Conjugation of the verbs
Verb to be
Present tense
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are
Past tense
I was
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
Future tense
I shall (will) be
You will be
He will be
She will be
It will be
We shall (will) be
You will be
They will be
Using going to
I am going to be
You are going to be
He is going to be
She is going to be
It is going to be
We are going to be
You are going to be
They are going to be
Verb to have
Present tense
I have
You have
He has
she has
It has
We have
You have
They have
Past tense
I had
You had
He had
She had
It had
We had you had
You had
They had
Future tense
I shall (will) have
You will have
He will have
She will have
It will have
We shall (wil)l have
You will have
They will have
Using going to
I am going to have
You are going to have
He is going to have
She is going to have
It is going to have
We are going to have
You are going to have
They are going to have
16th lesson
Should, must and ought to…
Como usar “should”, “ought to” e “must”
Os três verbos do título podem ser traduzidos como “dever” e cada um deles tem usos próprios.
Should e ought to são usados para expressar obrigação moral, conselho, recomendação, dever. Veja alguns exemplos:
You look kind of sick. You should / ought to see a doctor.
Você parece meio doente. Você deveria ir ao médico.
I know I should / ought to study, but I’m so tired…
Sei que deveria estudar, mas estou tão cansado…
Must é usado para expressar obrigação forte, ordem, necessidade. Com esse sentido, também podemos usar have/has to.
I’m too fat. I must / have to lose weight.
Estou gordo demais. Tenho que/Devo perder peso.
O uso de must e should/ought to depende do que queremos expressar. Por exemplo, se formos ao médico e ele vir que estamos quase tendo um ataque cardíaco causado pelo excesso de cigarro ele vai dizer:
You must stop smoking!
Agora se o médico nos der somente um conselho amigável ele vai dizer:
You should stop smoking; it’s not good for your health.
Se quisermos expressar uma obrigação no passado usamos had to em vez de must.
I had to work on the weekend.
Tive que trabalhar no fim de semana.
O uso das formas negativas must not (mustn’t) e do not (don’t) / does not (doesn’t) have to também é diferente. Mustn’t indica uma proibição e don’t/doesn’t have to indica falta de obrigação/necessidade.
You mustn’t talk loud in a library.
Você não pode/deve falar alto numa biblioteca.
You don’t have to buy that book. I’ll lend you mine.
Você não precisa comprar aquele livro. Eu te empresto o meu.
O verbo must também é usado para expressar uma conclusão lógica, dedução, algo que deve ser verdade, em face das evidências:
I told her to be there at 7. It’s 7.10, so she must be there.
Eu lhe disse para estar lá às 7. São 7.10, então ela deve estar lá.
I’ve heard the new secretary used to be a model. She must be beautiful.
Ouvi dizer que a nova secretária era modelo. Ela deve ser bonita.
Nesse caso o sentido contrário de must é can’t.
She used to be a model, she can’t be ugly.
Ela era modelo, ela não pode ser feia. (é improvável)
This is it for today, see you next time!
17th lesson
Prepositions
Verb to be Prepositions
Prepositions are short words (on, in, to) that usually stand in front of nouns (sometimes also in front of gerund verbs).
Even advanced learners of English find prepositions difficult, as a 1:1 translation is usually not possible. One preposition in your native language might have several translations depending on the situation.
There are hardly any rules as to when to use which preposition. The only way to learn prepositions is looking them up in a dictionary, reading a lot in English (literature) and learning useful phrases off by heart (study tips).
The following table contains rules for some of the most frequently used prepositions in English:
Prepositions – Time
English Usage Example
• on • days of the week • on Monday
• in • months / seasons
• time of day
• year
• after a certain period of time (when?) • in August / in winter
• in the morning
• in 2006
• in an hour
• at • for night
• for weekend
• a certain point of time (when?) • at night
• at the weekend
• at half past nine
• since • from a certain point of time (past till now) • since 1980
• for • over a certain period of time (past till now) • for 2 years
• ago • a certain time in the past • 2 years ago
• before • earlier than a certain point of time • before 2004
• to • telling the time • ten to six (5:50)
• past • telling the time • ten past six (6:10)
• to / till / until • marking the beginning and end of a period of time • from Monday to/till Friday
• till / until • in the sense of how long something is going to last • He is on holiday until Friday.
• by • in the sense of at the latest
• up to a certain time • I will be back by 6 o’clock.
• By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.
Prepositions – Place (Position and Direction)
English Usage Example
• in • room, building, street, town, country
• book, paper etc.
• car, taxi
• picture, world • in the kitchen, in London
• in the book
• in the car, in a taxi
• in the picture, in the world
• at • meaning next to, by an object
• for table
• for events
• place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work) • at the door, at the station
• at the table
• at a concert, at the party
• at the cinema, at school, at work
• on • attached
• for a place with a river
• being on a surface
• for a certain side (left, right)
• for a floor in a house
• for public transport
• for television, radio • the picture on the wall
• London lies on the Thames.
• on the table
• on the left
• on the first floor
• on the bus, on a plane
• on TV, on the radio
• by, next to, beside • left or right of somebody or something • Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.
• under • on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else • the bag is under the table
• below • lower than something else but above ground • the fish are below the surface
• over • covered by something else
• meaning more than
• getting to the other side (also across)
• overcoming an obstacle • put a jacket over your shirt
• over 16 years of age
• walk over the bridge
• climb over the wall
• above • higher than something else, but not directly over it • a path above the lake
• across • getting to the other side (also over)
• getting to the other side • walk across the bridge
• swim across the lake
• through • something with limits on top, bottom and the sides • drive through the tunnel
• to • movement to person or building
• movement to a place or country
• for bed • go to the cinema
• go to London / Ireland
• go to bed
• into • enter a room / a building • go into the kitchen / the house
• towards • movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it) • go 5 steps towards the house
• onto • movement to the top of something • jump onto the table
• from • in the sense of where from • a flower from the garden
Other important Prepositions
English Usage Example
• from • who gave it • a present from Jane
• of • who/what does it belong to
• what does it show • a page of the book
• the picture of a palace
• by • who made it • a book by Mark Twain
18th lesson
Body parts
19th lesson
Short stories
Friends
Bunny rabbit lived in the forest. He had many friends. He was proud of his friends.
One day Bunny rabbit heard the loud barking of the wild dogs. He was very scared. He decided to ask for help. He quickly went to his friend deer. He said: “Dear friend, some wild dogs are chasing me.
Can you chase them away with your sharp antlers?”
Deer said: “That is right, I can. But now I am busy. Why don’t you ask bear for help?”
Bunny rabbit ran to the bear. “My dear friend you are very strong, please help me. Some wild dogs are after me. Please chase them away,” he requested the bear.
Bear replied: “I am sorry. I am hungry and tired. I need to find some food. Please ask the monkey for help”.
Poor Bunny went to the monkey, elephant, goat and all his friends. Bunny felt sad that nobody was ready to help him.
He understood that he has to think of a way out. He hid under a bush. He lay still the wild dogs went their way.
The Ant and the Grasshopper
In a field one summer's day a Grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its heart's content. An Ant passed by, bearing along with great effort an ear of corn he was taking to the nest.
"Why not come and chat with me," said the Grasshopper, "instead of toiling and moiling away?" "I am helping to lay up food for the winter," said the Ant, "and recommend you to do the same." "Why bother about winter?" said the Grasshopper; "we have got plenty of food at present."
But the Ant went on its way and continued its toil. When the winter came the Grasshopper found itself dying of hunger, while it saw the ants distributing, every day, corn and grain from the stores they had collected in the summer.
Then the Grasshopper knew...
MORAL: WORK TODAY AND YOU CAN REAP THE BENEFITS TOMORROW!
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